Driver's Licenses

CORE CONTENT | 1.8 min read

Types

There are different classes of driver's licenses based on the type of vehicle the holder is permitted to drive, such as Class A, B, and C for commercial vehicles. Class D, the most common form, is for personal, non-commercial vehicles. Some states also issue motorcycle licenses and learner's permits. Driver’s licenses are usually accepted as a valid form of ID, but they are not indicative of citizenship.

Real ID

The Real ID Act established minimum security standards for state-issued driver's licenses and identification cards. Since May 2023, a Real ID-compliant license or another acceptable form of identification has been required for domestic air travel and to access certain federal facilities. When you apply for or renew a driver's license, you might not automatically receive a Real ID-compliant license. Whether or not you get a Real ID license may depend on whether you specifically applied for one. Some states may charge the same fee for a Real ID license as for a standard driver's license, while others may charge an additional fee. It's important to check with your state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency for the specific costs and requirements.

Application

To apply for a driver's license, individuals must visit their state's Department of Motor Vehicles (DMV) or equivalent agency. Applicants need to provide proof of identity, residency, and legal presence in the United States. This often includes a birth certificate, Social Security card, and proof of residency. Certain states or counties may allow you to begin this process online.

Eligibility

The eligibility criteria for obtaining a driver's license typically include a minimum age, which varies by state (usually between 16 to 18 years for an unrestricted license). Applicants must pass a written knowledge test, a vision test, and a driving skills test. Some states require completion of a driver's education course as well. Non-U.S. citizens and permanent residents can be eligible for driver’s licenses, but as of 2023, only 19 states allow undocumented immigrants to apply for a driver’s license.

Renewal & Expiration

Driver's licenses have an expiration date and must be renewed periodically. The renewal process may involve updating personal information, paying a fee, and passing a vision test. Some states allow online renewals.

Suspension

A driver's license can be suspended or revoked for various reasons, such as driving under the influence (DUI), accumulating too many traffic violation points, driving without insurance, or driving with an expired license. Reinstatement typically involves meeting certain conditions, such as completing coursework and paying a fee.

KEY TAKEAWAYS | 0.5 min read

• Driver’s licenses represent certification to operate a motor vehicle on public roads.
• Since May 2023, a Real ID is needed for domestic air travel and access to certain federal facilities. These are not automatically issued with driver’s license renewals/applications but can be opted for when doing so.
• Acquiring a driver’s license involves visiting the state DMV with proof of identity, residency, and legal presence. Requirements include minimum age, passing tests, and sometimes an official driver's education.
• Licenses have expiration dates and require periodic renewal. They can be suspended due to infractions like DUI, accumulating violation points, or driving without insurance.

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